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VI(1)                       General Commands Manual                      VI(1)

NAME
       ex, vi, view - text editors

SYNOPSIS
       ex [-eFGRrSsv] [-c cmd] [-t tag] [-w size] [file ...]
       vi [-eFlRrSv] [-c cmd] [-t tag] [-w size] [file ...]
       view [-eFGRrSv] [-c cmd] [-t tag] [-w size] [file ...]

LICENSE
       The  vi  program  is  freely redistributable.  You are welcome to copy,
       modify and share it with others under  the  conditions  listed  in  the
       LICENSE  file.   If any company (not individual!) finds vi sufficiently
       useful that you would have purchased it, or if any  company  wishes  to
       redistribute it, contributions to the authors would be appreciated.

DESCRIPTION
       Vi  is  a  screen  oriented  text  editor.   Ex is a line-oriented text
       editor.  Ex and vi are different interfaces to the same program, and it
       is  possible  to switch back and forth during an edit session.  View is
       the equivalent of using the -R (read-only) option of vi.

       This manual page is the one provided with the nex/nvi versions  of  the
       ex/vi  text  editors.   Nex/nvi  are intended as bug-for-bug compatible
       replacements for the original  Fourth  Berkeley  Software  Distribution
       (4BSD)  ex  and vi programs.  For the rest of this manual page, nex/nvi
       is used only when it's necessary to distinguish it  from  the  historic
       implementations of ex/vi.

       This  manual  page  is  intended for users already familiar with ex/vi.
       Anyone else should almost certainly read a good tutorial on the  editor
       before  this  manual page.  If you're in an unfamiliar environment, and
       you absolutely have to get work  done  immediately,  read  the  section
       after   the  options  description,  entitled  ``Fast  Startup''.   It's
       probably enough to get you going.

       The following options are available:

       -c     Execute  cmd  immediately  after  starting  the  edit   session.
              Particularly useful for initial positioning in the file, however
              cmd is not limited to positioning commands.  This is  the  POSIX
              1003.2  interface  for  the  historic  ``+cmd'' syntax.  Nex/nvi
              supports both the old and new syntax.

       -e     Start editing in ex mode, as if the command name were ex.

       -F     Don't copy the entire file when first starting  to  edit.   (The
              default is to make a copy in case someone else modifies the file
              during your edit session.)

       -G     Start editing in gtags mode, as if the gtagsmode option was set.

       -l     Start editing with the lisp and showmatch options set.

       -R     Start editing in read-only mode, as  if  the  command  name  was
              view, or the readonly option was set.

       -r     Recover the specified files, or, if no files are specified, list
              the files that could be recovered.  If no recoverable  files  by
              the specified name exist, the file is edited as if the -r option
              had not been specified.

       -S     Run with the secure edit option set, disallowing all  access  to
              external programs.

       -s     Enter  batch  mode;  applicable only to ex edit sessions.  Batch
              mode is useful when running ex  scripts.   Prompts,  informative
              messages  and other user oriented message are turned off, and no
              startup files or environmental variables are read.  This is  the
              POSIX 1003.2 interface for the historic ``-'' argument.  Nex/nvi
              supports both the old and new syntax.

       -t     Start editing at the specified tag.  (See ctags(1)).

       -w     Set the initial window size to the specified number of lines.

       -v     Start editing in vi mode, as if the command name was vi or view.

       Command input for ex/vi is read from the standard  input.   In  the  vi
       interface,  it is an error if standard input is not a terminal.  In the
       ex interface, if standard  input  is  not  a  terminal,  ex  will  read
       commands  from it regardless, however, the session will be a batch mode
       session, exactly as if the -s option had been specified.

       Ex/vi exits 0 on success, and greater than 0 if an error occurs.

FAST STARTUP
       This section will tell you the minimum  amount  that  you  need  to  do
       simple  editing tasks using vi.  If you've never used any screen editor
       before,  you're  likely  to  have  problems  even  with   this   simple
       introduction.   In that case you should find someone that already knows
       vi and have them walk you through this section.

       Vi is a screen editor.  This means that it takes up almost  the  entire
       screen, displaying part of the file on each screen line, except for the
       last line of the screen.  The last line of the screen is used  for  you
       to give commands to vi, and for vi to give information to you.

       The  other  fact  that  you  need to understand is that vi is a modeful
       editor, i.e.  you  are  either  entering  text  or  you  are  executing
       commands,  and you have to be in the right mode to do one or the other.
       You will be in command mode when you first start editing a file.  There
       are  commands  that  switch you into input mode.  There is only one key
       that takes you out of input mode, and that is the <escape>  key.   (Key
       names   are  written  using  less-than  and  greater-than  signs,  e.g.
       <escape> means the ``escape'' key,  usually  labeled  ``esc''  on  your
       terminal's  keyboard.)  If you're ever confused as to which mode you're
       in, keep entering the <escape> key until vi beeps at you.   (Generally,
       vi will beep at you if you try and do something that's not allowed.  It
       will also display error messages.)

       To start editing a file, enter  the  command  ``vi  file_name<carriage-
       return>''.   The  command you should enter as soon as you start editing
       is ``:set verbose  showmode<carriage-return>''.   This  will  make  the
       editor  give you verbose error messages and display the current mode at
       the bottom of the screen.

       The commands to move around the file are:

       h      Move the cursor left one character.

       j      Move the cursor down one line.

       k      Move the cursor up one line.

       l      Move the cursor right one character.

       <cursor-arrows>
              The cursor arrow keys should work, too.

       /text<carriage-return>
              Search for the string ``text'' in the file, and move the  cursor
              to its first character.

       The commands to enter new text are:

       a      Append new text, after the cursor.

       i      Insert new text, before the cursor.

       o      Open  a  new  line  below  the  line the cursor is on, and start
              entering text.

       O      Open a new line above the line  the  cursor  is  on,  and  start
              entering text.

       <escape>
              Once you've entered input mode using the one of the a, i, O or o
              commands, use <escape> to  quit  entering  text  and  return  to
              command mode.

       The commands to copy text are:

       yy     Copy the line the cursor is on.

       p      Append the copied line after the line the cursor is on.

       The commands to delete text are:

       dd     Delete the line the cursor is on.

       x      Delete the character the cursor is on.

       The commands to write the file are:

       :w<carriage-return>
              Write  the  file  back  to  the  file  with  the  name  that you
              originally used as an argument on the vi command line.

       :w file_name<carriage-return>
              Write the file back to the file with the name ``file_name''.

       The commands to quit editing and exit the editor are:

       :q<carriage-return>
              Quit editing and leave vi (if you've modified the file, but  not
              saved your changes, vi will refuse to quit).

       :q!<carriage-return>
              Quit, discarding any modifications that you may have made.

       One final caution.  Unusual characters can take up more than one column
       on the screen, and long lines can take up more  than  a  single  screen
       line.   The  above  commands work on ``physical'' characters and lines,
       i.e. they affect the entire line no matter how  many  screen  lines  it
       takes  up and the entire character no matter how many screen columns it
       takes up.

VI COMMANDS
       The following section describes the commands available in  the  command
       mode  of  the  vi editor.  In each entry below, the tag line is a usage
       synopsis for the command character.

       [count] <control-A>
              Search forward count times for the current word.

       [count] <control-B>
              Page backwards count screens.

       [count] <control-D>
              Scroll forward count lines.

       [count] <control-E>
              Scroll forward count lines, leaving the current line and  column
              as is, if possible.

       [count] <control-F>
              Page forward count screens.

       <control-G>
              Display the file information.

       <control-H>

       [count] h
              Move the cursor back count characters in the current line.

       [count] <control-J>

       [count] <control-N>

       [count] j
              Move  the  cursor  down count lines without changing the current
              column.

       <control-L>

       <control-R>
              Repaint the screen.

       [count] <control-M>

       [count] +
              Move the cursor down count lines to the first nonblank character
              of that line.

       [count] <control-P>

       [count] k
              Move  the  cursor  up  count lines, without changing the current
              column.

       <control-T>
              Return to the most recent tag context.

       <control-U>
              Scroll backwards count lines.

       <control-W>
              Switch to the next lower screen in the window, or, to the  first
              screen if there are no lower screens in the window.

       <control-Y>
              Scroll  backwards  count  lines,  leaving  the  current line and
              column as is, if possible.

       <control-Z>
              Suspend the current editor session.

       <escape>
              Execute ex commands or cancel partial commands.

       <control-]>
              Push a tag reference onto the tag stack.  In  gtagsmode,  if  at
              the  first  column of line, locate function references otherwise
              function definitions.

       <control-^>
              Switch to the most recently edited file.

       [count] <space>

       [count] l
              Move the cursor forward count characters  without  changing  the
              current line.

       [count] ! motion shell-argument(s)
              Replace text with results from a shell command.

       [count] # #|+|-
              Increment or decrement the cursor number.

       [count] $
              Move the cursor to the end of a line.

       %      Move to the matching character.

       &      Repeat the previous substitution command on the current line.

       '<character>

       `<character>
              Return to a context marked by the character _character_.

       [count] (
              Back up count sentences.

       [count] )
              Move forward count sentences.

       [count] ,
              Reverse find character count times.

       [count] -
              Move to first nonblank of the previous line, count times.

       [count] .
              Repeat the last vi command that modified text.

       /RE<carriage-return>

       /RE/ [offset]<carriage-return>

       ?RE<carriage-return>

       ?RE? [offset]<carriage-return>

       N

       n      Search forward or backward for a regular expression.

       0      Move to the first character in the current line.

       :      Execute an ex command.

       [count] ;
              Repeat the last character find count times.

       [count] < motion

       [count] > motion
              Shift lines left or right.

       @ buffer
              Execute a named buffer.

       [count] A
              Enter input mode, appending the text after the end of the line.

       [count] B
              Move backwards count bigwords.

       [buffer] [count] C
              Change text from the current position to the end-of-line.

       [buffer] D
              Delete text from the current position to the end-of-line.

       [count] E
              Move forward count end-of-bigwords.

       [count] F <character>
              Search  count  times  backward  through  the  current  line  for
              _character_.

       [count] G
              Move to line count, or the last line of the file  if  count  not
              specified.

       [count] H
              Move  to  the  screen  line count - 1 lines below the top of the
              screen.

       [count] I
              Enter input mode, inserting the text at  the  beginning  of  the
              line.

       [count] J
              Join lines.

       [count] L
              Move  to the screen line count - 1 lines above the bottom of the
              screen.

        M     Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen.

       [count] O
              Enter input mode, appending text in a new line above the current
              line.

       [buffer] P
              Insert text from a buffer.

       Q      Exit vi (or visual) mode and switch to ex mode.

       [count] R
              Enter input mode, replacing the characters in the current line.

       [buffer] [count] S
              Substitute count lines.

       [count] T <character>
              Search  backwards, count times, through the current line for the
              character after the specified _character_.

       U      Restore the current line to its state  before  the  cursor  last
              moved to it.

       [count] W
              Move forward count bigwords.

       [buffer] [count] X
              Delete count characters before the cursor.

       [buffer] [count] Y
              Copy (or ``yank'') count lines into the specified buffer.

       ZZ     Write the file and exit vi.

       [count] [[
              Back up count section boundaries.

       [count] ]]
              Move forward count section boundaries.

       ^      Move to first nonblank character on the current line.

       [count] _
              Move down count - 1 lines, to the first nonblank character.

       [count] a
              Enter input mode, appending the text after the cursor.

       [count] b
              Move backwards count words.

       [buffer] [count] c motion
              Change a region of text.

       [buffer] [count] d motion
              Delete a region of text.

       [count] e
              Move forward count end-of-words.

       [count] f<character>
              Search  forward,  count  times,  through the rest of the current
              line for _character_.

       [count] i
              Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor.

       m <character>
              Save the current context (line and column) as _character_.

       [count] o
              Enter input mode, appending text in a new line under the current
              line.

       [buffer] p
              Append text from a buffer.

       [count] r <character>
              Replace count characters.

       [buffer] [count] s
              Substitute  count  characters  in the current line starting with
              the current character.

       [count] t <character>
              Search forward, count times, through the current  line  for  the
              character immediately before _character_.

       u      Undo the last change made to the file.

       [count] w
              Move forward count words.

       [buffer] [count] x
              Delete count characters.

       [buffer] [count] y motion
              Copy  (or  ``yank'')  a  text  region specified by the count and
              motion into a buffer.

       [count1] z [count2] -|.|+|^|<carriage-return>
              Redraw, optionally repositioning and resizing the screen.

       [count] {
              Move backward count paragraphs.

       [count] |
              Move to a specific column position on the current line.

       [count] }
              Move forward count paragraphs.

       [count] ~
              Reverse the case of the next count character(s).

       [count] ~ motion
              Reverse the case of the characters in a text region specified by
              the count and motion.

       <interrupt>
              Interrupt the current operation.

VI TEXT INPUT COMMANDS
       The  following  section  describes  the  commands available in the text
       input mode of the vi editor.

       <nul>  Replay the previous input.

       <control-D>
              Erase to the previous shiftwidth column boundary.

       ^<control-D>
              Erase all of the autoindent characters, and reset the autoindent
              level.

       0<control-D>
              Erase all of the autoindent characters.

       <control-T>
              Insert  sufficient  _tab_ and _space_ characters to move forward
              to the next shiftwidth column boundary.  If  expandtab  is  set,
              only insert _space_ characters.

       <erase>

       <control-H>
              Erase the last character.

       <literal next>
              Quote the next character.

       <escape>
              Resolve  all  text  input  into  the file, and return to command
              mode.

       <line erase>
              Erase the current line.

       <control-W>

       <word erase>
              Erase the last word.  The definition of word is dependent on the
              altwerase and ttywerase options.

       <control-X>[0-9A-Fa-f]+
              Insert a character with the specified hexadecimal value into the
              text.

       <interrupt>
              Interrupt text input mode, returning to command mode.

EX COMMANDS
       The following section  describes  the  commands  available  in  the  ex
       editor.   In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the
       command.

       <end-of-file>
              Scroll the screen.

       ! argument(s)

       [range]! argument(s)
              Execute a  shell  command,  or  filter  lines  through  a  shell
              command.

       "      A comment.

       [range] nu[mber] [count] [flags]

       [range] # [count] [flags]
              Display the selected lines, each preceded with its line number.

       @ buffer

       * buffer
              Execute a buffer.

       [line] a[ppend][!]
              The input text is appended after the specified line.

       [range] c[hange][!] [count]
              The input text replaces the specified range.

       cs[cope] add | find | help | kill | reset
              Execute a Cscope command.

       [range] d[elete] [buffer] [count] [flags]
              Delete the lines from the file.

       di[splay] b[uffers] | c[onnections] | s[creens] | t[ags]
              Display buffers, Cscope connections, screens or tags.

       [Ee][dit][!] [+cmd] [file]

       [Ee]x[!] [+cmd] [file]
              Edit a different file.

       exu[sage] [command]
              Display usage for an ex command.

       f[ile] [file]
              Display and optionally change the file name.

       [Ff]g [name]
              Vi mode only.  Foreground the specified screen.

       [range] g[lobal] /pattern/ [commands]

       [range] v /pattern/ [commands]
              Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching) a pattern.

       he[lp] Display a help message.

       [line] i[nsert][!]
              The input text is inserted before the specified line.

       [range] j[oin][!] [count] [flags]
              Join lines of text together.

       [range] l[ist] [count] [flags]
              Display the lines unambiguously.

       map[!] [lhs rhs]
              Define or display maps (for vi only).

       [line] ma[rk] <character>

       [line] k <character>
              Mark the line with the mark _character_.

       [range] m[ove] line
              Move the specified lines after the target line.

       mk[exrc][!] file
              Write   the  abbreviations,  editor  options  and  maps  to  the
              specified file.

       [Nn][ext][!] [file ...]
              Edit the next file from the argument list.

       [line] o[pen] /pattern/ [flags]
              Enter open mode.

       pre[serve]
              Save the file in a form that can later be recovered using the ex
              -r option.

       [Pp]rev[ious][!]
              Edit the previous file from the argument list.

       [range] p[rint] [count] [flags]
              Display the specified lines.

       [line] pu[t] [buffer]
              Append buffer contents to the current line.

       q[uit][!]
              End the editing session.

       [line] r[ead][!] [file]
              Read a file.

       rec[over] file
              Recover file if it was previously saved.

       res[ize] [+|-]size
              Vi mode only.  Grow or shrink the current screen.

       rew[ind][!]
              Rewind the argument list.

       rta[g][!] tagstring
              Edit the file referring the specified tag. (Only in gtagsmode)

       se[t] [option[=[value]] ...] [nooption ...] [option? ...] [all]
              Display or set editor options.

       sh[ell]
              Run a shell program.

       so[urce] file
              Read and execute ex commands from a file.

       [range] s[ubstitute] [/pattern/replace/] [options] [count] [flags]

       [range] & [options] [count] [flags]

       [range] ~ [options] [count] [flags]
              Make substitutions.

       su[spend][!]

       st[op][!]

       <suspend>
              Suspend the edit session.

       [Tt]a[g][!] tagstring
              Edit the file containing the specified tag.

       tagn[ext][!]
              Edit the file containing the next context for the current tag.

       tagp[op][!] [file | number]
              Pop to the specified tag in the tags stack.

       tagp[rev][!]
              Edit  the  file  containing the previous context for the current
              tag.

       unm[ap][!] lhs
              Unmap a mapped string.

       ve[rsion]
              Display the version of the ex/vi editor.

       [line] vi[sual] [type] [count] [flags]
              Ex mode only.  Enter vi.

       [Vi]i[sual][!] [+cmd] [file]
              Vi mode only.  Edit a new file.

       viu[sage] [command]
              Display usage for a vi command.

       [range] w[rite][!] [>>] [file]

       [range] w[rite] [!] [file]

       [range] wn[!] [>>] [file]

       [range] wq[!] [>>] [file]
              Write the file.

       [range] x[it][!] [file]
              Write the file if it has been modified.

       [range] ya[nk] [buffer] [count]
              Copy the specified lines to a buffer.

       [line] z [type] [count] [flags]
              Adjust the window.

SET OPTIONS
       There are a large number of options that  may  be  set  (or  unset)  to
       change  the  editor's  behavior.   This  section describes the options,
       their abbreviations and their default values.

       In each entry below, the first part of the tag line is the full name of
       the  option,  followed  by  any  equivalent abbreviations.  The part in
       square brackets is the default  value  of  the  option.   Most  of  the
       options are boolean, i.e. they are either on or off, and do not have an
       associated value.

       Options apply to both ex and vi modes, unless otherwise specified.

       altwerase [off]
              Vi only.  Select an alternate word erase algorithm.

       autoindent, ai [off]
              Automatically indent new lines.

       autoprint, ap [off]
              Ex only.  Display the current line automatically.

       autowrite, aw [off]
              Write modified files automatically when changing files.

       backup [""]
              Backup files before they are overwritten.

       beautify, bf [off]
              Discard control characters.

       cdpath [environment variable CDPATH, or current directory]
              The directory paths used as path prefixes for the cd command.

       cedit [no default]
              Set the character to edit the colon command-line history.

       columns, co [80]
              Set the number of columns in the screen.

       comment [off]
              Vi only.  Skip leading comments in shell,  C  and  C++  language
              files.

       directory, dir [environment variable TMPDIR, or /tmp]
              The directory where temporary files are created.

       edcompatible, ed [off]
              Remember  the  values  of  the  ``c''  and ``g'' suffices to the
              substitute commands, instead of initializing them as  unset  for
              each new command.

       errorbells, eb [off]
              Ex only.  Announce error messages with a bell.

       expandtab, et [off]
              Prevent  the  use of _tab_ characters in leading whitespace when
              shifting text, autoindenting,  indenting  with  <control-T>,  or
              outdenting with <control-D>.

       exrc, ex [off]
              Read the startup files in the local directory.

       extended [off]
              Regular   expressions   are   extended   (i.e.   egrep(1)-style)
              expressions.

       filec [no default]
              Set the character to perform file path completion on  the  colon
              command line.

       flash [on]
              Flash the screen instead of beeping the keyboard on error.

       gtagsmode, gt [off]
              Use GTAGS and GRTAGS instead of tags.

       hardtabs, ht [8]
              Set the spacing between hardware tab settings.

       iclower [off]
              Makes  all  Regular  Expressions case-insensitive, as long as an
              upper-case letter does not appear in the search string.

       ignorecase, ic [off]
              Ignore case differences in regular expressions.

       keytime [6]
              The 10th's of a second ex/vi  waits  for  a  subsequent  key  to
              complete a key mapping.

       leftright [off]
              Vi only.  Do left-right scrolling.

       lines, li [24]
              Vi only.  Set the number of lines in the screen.

       lisp [off]
              Vi  only.   Modify  various  search commands and options to work
              with Lisp.  This option is not yet implemented.

       list [off]
              Display lines in an unambiguous fashion.

       lock [on]
              Attempt to get an exclusive lock on any file being edited,  read
              or written.

       magic [on]
              Treat certain characters specially in regular expressions.

       matchchars [[]{}()<>]
              Character pairs looked for by the % command.

       matchtime [7]
              Vi  only.   The  10th's of a second ex/vi pauses on the matching
              character when the showmatch option is set.

       mesg [on]
              Permit messages from other users.

       modelines, modeline [off]
              Read the first and last few lines of each file for ex  commands.
              This option will never be implemented.

       noprint [""]
              Characters that are never handled as printable characters.

       number, nu [off]
              Precede each line displayed with its current line number.

       octal [off]
              Display  unknown  characters  as  octal  numbers, instead of the
              default hexadecimal.

       open [on]
              Ex only.  If this  option  is  not  set,  the  open  and  visual
              commands are disallowed.

       optimize, opt [on]
              Vi  only.   Optimize  text  throughput  to dumb terminals.  This
              option is not yet implemented.

       paragraphs, para [IPLPPPQPP LIpplpipbp]
              Vi only.  Define additional paragraph boundaries for the { and }
              commands.

       path []
              Define additional directories to search for files being edited.

       print [""]
              Characters that are always handled as printable characters.

       prompt [on]
              Ex only.  Display a command prompt.

       readonly, ro [off]
              Mark the file and session as read-only.

       recdir [/var/tmp/vi.recover]
              The directory where recovery files are stored.

       redraw, re [off]
              Vi  only.  Simulate an intelligent terminal on a dumb one.  This
              option is not yet implemented.

       remap [on]
              Remap keys until resolved.

       report [5]
              Set the number of lines about which the editor  reports  changes
              or yanks.

       ruler [off]
              Vi only.  Display a row/column ruler on the colon command line.

       scroll, scr [window / 2]
              Set the number of lines scrolled.

       searchincr [off]
              Makes the / and ?  commands incremental.

       sections, sect [NHSHH HUnhsh]
              Vi only.  Define additional section boundaries for the [[ and ]]
              commands.

       secure [off]
              Turns off all access to external programs.

       shell, sh [environment variable SHELL, or /bin/sh]
              Select the shell used by the editor.

       shellmeta [~{[*?$`'"\]
              Set the meta  characters  checked  to  determine  if  file  name
              expansion is necessary.

       shiftwidth, sw [8]
              Set the autoindent and shift command indentation width.

       showmatch, sm [off]
              Vi  only.   Note  matching  ``{''  and ``('' for ``}'' and ``)''
              characters.

       showmode, smd [off]
              Vi only.  Display the current editor  mode  and  a  ``modified''
              flag.

       sidescroll [16]
              Vi only.  Set the amount a left-right scroll will shift.

       slowopen, slow [off]
              Delay  display  updating  during text input.  This option is not
              yet implemented.

       sourceany [off]
              Read startup files not owned by the current user.   This  option
              will never be implemented.

       tabstop, ts [8]
              This option sets tab widths for the editor display.

       taglength, tl [0]
              Set the number of significant characters in tag names.

       tags, tag [tags /var/db/libc.tags /sys/kern/tags]
              Set the list of tags files.

       term, ttytype, tty [environment variable TERM]
              Set the terminal type.

       terse [off]
              This  option has historically made editor messages less verbose.
              It has no effect in this implementation.

       tildeop [off]
              Modify the ~ command to take an associated motion.

       timeout, to [on]
              Time out on keys which may be mapped.

       ttywerase [off]
              Vi only.  Select an alternate erase algorithm.

       verbose [off]
              Vi only.  Display an error message for every error.

       w300 [no default]
              Vi only.  Set the window size if the baud rate is less than 1200
              baud.

       w1200 [no default]
              Vi  only.  Set the window size if the baud rate is equal to 1200
              baud.

       w9600 [no default]
              Vi only.  Set the window size if the baud rate is  greater  than
              1200 baud.

       warn [on]
              Ex  only.   This option causes a warning message to the terminal
              if the file has been modified, since it was last written, before
              a !  command.

       window, w, wi [environment variable LINES]
              Set the window size for the screen.

       windowname [off]
              Change  the icon/window name to the current file name even if it
              can't be restored on editor exit.

       wraplen, wl [0]
              Vi only.  Break lines automatically,  the  specified  number  of
              columns  from  the  left-hand  margin.   If both the wraplen and
              wrapmargin edit options are set, the wrapmargin value is used.

       wrapmargin, wm [0]
              Vi only.  Break lines automatically,  the  specified  number  of
              columns  from  the  right-hand  margin.  If both the wraplen and
              wrapmargin edit options are set, the wrapmargin value is used.

       wrapscan, ws [on]
              Set searches to wrap around the end or beginning of the file.

       writeany, wa [off]
              Turn off file-overwriting checks.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       COLUMNS
              The number of columns on the screen.  This value  overrides  any
              system   or   terminal   specific   values.    If   the  COLUMNS
              environmental variable is  not  set  when  ex/vi  runs,  or  the
              columns option is explicitly reset by the user, ex/vi enters the
              value into the environment.

       EXINIT A list of ex startup commands, read if the variable  NEXINIT  is
              not set.

       HOME   The  user's  home  directory, used as the initial directory path
              for the  startup  ``$HOME/.nexrc''  and  ``$HOME/.exrc''  files.
              This  value  is also used as the default directory for the vi cd
              command.

       LINES  The number of rows on the  screen.   This  value  overrides  any
              system  or terminal specific values.  If the LINES environmental
              variable is not set when ex/vi runs,  or  the  lines  option  is
              explicitly  reset  by  the user, ex/vi enters the value into the
              environment.

       NEXINIT
              A list of ex startup commands.

       SHELL  The user's shell of choice (see also the shell option).

       TERM   The user's terminal type.  The default is the type  ``unknown''.
              If  the  TERM environmental variable is not set when ex/vi runs,
              or the term option is explicitly reset by the user, ex/vi enters
              the value into the environment.

       TMPDIR The  location  used  to  stored  temporary  files  (see also the
              directory edit option).

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
       SIGALRM
              Vi/ex  uses  this  signal   for   periodic   backups   of   file
              modifications  and  to display ``busy'' messages when operations
              are likely to take a long time.

       SIGHUP

       SIGTERM
              If the current buffer has changed since it was last  written  in
              its  entirety,  the editor attempts to save the modified file so
              it can be later  recovered.   See  the  vi/ex  Reference  manual
              section entitled ``Recovery'' for more information.

       SIGINT When  an  interrupt occurs, the current operation is halted, and
              the editor returns to the command level.  If interrupted  during
              text  input, the text already input is resolved into the file as
              if the text input had been normally terminated.

       SIGWINCH
              The screen is resized.  See the vi/ex Reference  manual  section
              entitled ``Sizing the Screen'' for more information.

       SIGCONT

       SIGQUIT

       SIGTSTP
              Vi/ex ignores these signals.

FILES
       /bin/sh
              The default user shell.

       /etc/vi.exrc
              System-wide vi startup file.

       /tmp   Temporary file directory.

       /var/tmp/vi.recover
              The default recovery file directory.

       $HOME/.nexrc
              1st choice for user's home directory startup file.

       $HOME/.exrc
              2nd choice for user's home directory startup file.

       .nexrc 1st choice for local directory startup file.

       .exrc  2nd choice for local directory startup file.

SEE ALSO
       ctags(1), more(1), curses(3), dbopen(3)

       The ``Vi Quick Reference'' card.

       ``An  Introduction  to  Display  Editing with Vi'', found in the ``UNIX
       User's Manual Supplementary Documents'' section of both the 4.3BSD  and
       4.4BSD manual sets.  This document is the closest thing available to an
       introduction to the vi screen editor.

       ``Ex Reference Manual (Version  3.7)'',  found  in  the  ``UNIX  User's
       Manual  Supplementary Documents'' section of both the 4.3BSD and 4.4BSD
       manual sets.  This document is the final reference for the  ex  editor,
       as distributed in most historic 4BSD and System V systems.

       ``Edit:  A  tutorial'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual Supplementary
       Documents'' section of the 4.3BSD manual  set.   This  document  is  an
       introduction to a simple version of the ex screen editor.

       ``Ex/Vi   Reference   Manual'',  found  in  the  ``UNIX  User's  Manual
       Supplementary Documents'' section  of  the  4.4BSD  manual  set.   This
       document  is  the  final  reference  for  the  nex/nvi text editors, as
       distributed in 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite.

       Roff source for all of these documents is distributed with  nex/nvi  in
       the nvi/USD.doc directory of the nex/nvi source code.

       The  files  ``autowrite'',  ``input'',  ``quoting''  and ``structures''
       found in the nvi/docs/internals directory of the nex/nvi source code.

HISTORY
       The nex/nvi replacements for the ex/vi editor first appeared in 4.4BSD.

STANDARDS
       Nex/nvi is close to IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX'').  That document  differs
       from  historical ex/vi practice in several places; there are changes to
       be made on both sides.

3rd Berkeley Distribution             1Q1                                VI(1)

NAME | SYNOPSIS | LICENSE | DESCRIPTION | FAST STARTUP | VI COMMANDS | VI TEXT INPUT COMMANDS | EX COMMANDS | SET OPTIONS | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS | FILES | SEE ALSO | HISTORY | STANDARDS