Minix Man Pages

Man Page or Keyword Search:
Man Architecture
Apropos Keyword Search (all sections) Output format
home | help
x minix x
x minixx
NAMED(8)                            BIND 9                            NAMED(8)

NAME
       named - Internet domain name server

SYNOPSIS
       named  [  [-4]  |  [-6]  ]  [-c  config-file] [-C] [-d debug-level] [-D
       string] [-E engine-name] [-f] [-g] [-L logfile] [-M option]  [-m  flag]
       [-n #cpus] [-p port] [-s] [-t directory] [-U #listeners] [-u user] [-v]
       [-V] [-X lock-file]

DESCRIPTION
       named is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9  distri-
       bution  from  ISC.  For  more information on the DNS, see RFC 1033, RFC
       1034, and RFC 1035.

       When invoked without arguments, named reads the  default  configuration
       file  /etc/bind/named.conf,  reads  any  initial  data, and listens for
       queries.

OPTIONS
       -4     This option tells named to use only IPv4, even if the  host  ma-
              chine is capable of IPv6. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.

       -6     This  option  tells named to use only IPv6, even if the host ma-
              chine is capable of IPv4. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.

       -c config-file
              This option tells named to use config-file as its  configuration
              file  instead  of  the  default, /etc/bind/named.conf. To ensure
              that the configuration file can be reloaded after the server has
              changed its working directory due to to a possible directory op-
              tion in the configuration file, config-file should be  an  abso-
              lute pathname.

       -C     This  option  prints  out the default built-in configuration and
              exits.

              NOTE: This is for debugging purposes only and is not an accurate
              representation of the actual configuration used by named at run-
              time.

       -d debug-level
              This option sets the daemon's debug level to debug-level. Debug-
              ging  traces  from  named become more verbose as the debug level
              increases.

       -D string
              This option specifies a string that is used to  identify  a  in-
              stance of named in a process listing. The contents of string are
              not examined.

       -E engine-name
              When applicable, this option specifies the hardware to  use  for
              cryptographic  operations,  such  as a secure key store used for
              signing.

              When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL, this needs to be set  to  the
              OpenSSL engine identifier that drives the cryptographic acceler-
              ator or hardware service module (usually pkcs11).

       -f     This option runs the server in the foreground (i.e., do not dae-
              monize).

       -g     This  option  runs  the  server in the foreground and forces all
              logging to stderr.

       -L logfile
              This option sets the log to the file logfile by default, instead
              of the system log.

       -M option
              This  option  sets  the default (comma-separated) memory context
              options. The possible flags are:

              o fill: fill blocks of memory with tag values when they are  al-
                located or freed, to assist debugging of memory problems; this
                is the implicit default if named has been compiled with  --en-
                able-developer.

              o nofill:  disable the behavior enabled by fill; this is the im-
                plicit default unless  named  has  been  compiled  with  --en-
                able-developer.

       -m flag
              This  option  turns  on  memory  usage debugging flags. Possible
              flags are usage, trace, record, size, and mctx. These correspond
              to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in <isc/mem.h>.

       -n #cpus
              This  option  creates  #cpus worker threads to take advantage of
              multiple CPUs. If not specified, named tries  to  determine  the
              number  of CPUs present and creates one thread per CPU. If it is
              unable to determine the number of CPUs, a single  worker  thread
              is created.

       -p value
              This  option specifies the port(s) on which the server will lis-
              ten for queries. If value is of the form <portnum> or dns=<port-
              num>,  the server will listen for DNS queries on portnum; if not
              not specified, the default is port 53. If value is of  the  form
              tls=<portnum>,  the  server will listen for TLS queries on port-
              num; the default is 853.  If value is of the  form  https=<port-
              num>,  the  server will listen for HTTPS queries on portnum; the
              default is 443.  If value is of  the  form  http=<portnum>,  the
              server  will  listen for HTTP queries on portnum; the default is
              80.

       -s     This option writes memory usage statistics to stdout on exit.

       NOTE:
          This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers  and  may  be
          removed or changed in a future release.

       -S #max-socks
              This option is deprecated and no longer has any function.

       WARNING:
          This  option  should  be unnecessary for the vast majority of users.
          The use of this option could even be harmful, because the  specified
          value  may exceed the limitation of the underlying system API. It is
          therefore set only when the default configuration causes  exhaustion
          of file descriptors and the operational environment is known to sup-
          port the specified number of sockets. Note also that the actual max-
          imum number is normally slightly fewer than the specified value, be-
          cause named reserves some file descriptors for its internal use.

       -t directory
              This option tells named to chroot to directory after  processing
              the command-line arguments, but before reading the configuration
              file.

       WARNING:
          This option should be used in conjunction with the -u option, as ch-
          rooting  a  process running as root doesn't enhance security on most
          systems; the way chroot is defined allows a process with root privi-
          leges to escape a chroot jail.

       -U #dispatches
              This  option  specifies  the  number  of per-interface UDP #dis-
              patches that named should use to handle the outgoing (recursive)
              UDP  connection,  to  reduce  contention  between  the  resolver
              threads.

              If not specified, named calculates a default value based on  the
              number  of  detected CPUs: 1 for a single CPU, and the number of
              detected CPUs minus one for machines with more than 1 CPU.

              This cannot be increased to a value higher than  the  number  of
              CPUs (see -n on how to override the value).

       WARNING:
          This  option  should  be unnecessary for the vast majority of users,
          and will be removed in the next version of BIND 9.

       -u user
              This option sets the setuid to user after completing  privileged
              operations,  such  as creating sockets that listen on privileged
              ports.

       NOTE:
          On Linux, named uses the kernel's capability mechanism to  drop  all
          root  privileges except the ability to bind to a privileged port and
          set process resource limits. Unfortunately, this means that  the  -u
          option  only  works  when named is run on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or
          kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or later, since previous kernels  did  not  allow
          privileges to be retained after setuid.

       -v     This option reports the version number and exits.

       -V     This option reports the version number, build options, supported
              cryptographics algorithms, and exits.

       -X lock-file
              This option acquires a lock on the specified  file  at  runtime;
              this helps to prevent duplicate named instances from running si-
              multaneously.  Use of this option overrides the lock-file option
              in named.conf. If set to none, the lock file check is disabled.

SIGNALS
       In  routine  operation, signals should not be used to control the name-
       server; rndc should be used instead.

       SIGHUP This signal forces a reload of the server.

       SIGINT, SIGTERM
              These signals shut down the server.

       The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.

CONFIGURATION
       The named configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here.
       A  complete  description is provided in the BIND 9 Administrator Refer-
       ence Manual.

       named inherits the umask (file creation  mode  mask)  from  the  parent
       process. If files created by named, such as journal files, need to have
       custom permissions, the umask should be set explicitly  in  the  script
       used to start the named process.

FILES
       /etc/bind/named.conf
              The default configuration file.

       /run/named.pid
              The default process-id file.

SEE ALSO
       RFC  1033,  RFC 1034, RFC 1035, named-checkconf(8), named-checkzone(8),
       rndc(8), named.conf(5), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.

AUTHOR
       Internet Systems Consortium

COPYRIGHT
       2024, Internet Systems Consortium

9.18.28-0ubuntu0.20.04.1-Ubuntu   2024-07-08                          NAMED(8)

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | SIGNALS | CONFIGURATION | FILES | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | COPYRIGHT